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Play on Words(有向圖歐拉路)

系統 1851 0
Time Limit: ?1000MS ? Memory Limit: ?10000K
Total Submissions: ?8571 ? Accepted: ?2997

Description

Some of the secret doors contain a very interesting word puzzle. The team of archaeologists has to solve it to open that doors. Because there is no other way to open the doors, the puzzle is very important for us.?

There is a large number of magnetic plates on every door. Every plate has one word written on it. The plates must be arranged into a sequence in such a way that every word begins with the same letter as the previous word ends. For example, the word ``acm'' can be followed by the word ``motorola''. Your task is to write a computer program that will read the list of words and determine whether it is possible to arrange all of the plates in a sequence (according to the given rule) and consequently to open the door.?

Input

The input consists of T test cases. The number of them (T) is given on the first line of the input file. Each test case begins with a line containing a single integer number Nthat indicates the number of plates (1 <= N <= 100000). Then exactly Nlines follow, each containing a single word. Each word contains at least two and at most 1000 lowercase characters, that means only letters 'a' through 'z' will appear in the word. The same word may appear several times in the list.

Output

Your program has to determine whether it is possible to arrange all the plates in a sequence such that the first letter of each word is equal to the last letter of the previous word. All the plates from the list must be used, each exactly once. The words mentioned several times must be used that number of times.?
If there exists such an ordering of plates, your program should print the sentence "Ordering is possible.". Otherwise, output the sentence "The door cannot be opened.".?

Sample Input

    3

2

acm

ibm

3

acm

malform

mouse

2

ok

ok


  

Sample Output

    The door cannot be opened.

Ordering is possible.

The door cannot be opened.
    

題意:給出n個單詞,問所有的單詞能否首尾相連(能相連的單詞的首和尾必須是相同的);

思路:一道判斷有向圖歐拉路的題目;
   可以將每個單詞的首和尾看作節點,判斷圖的連通性可以用并查集,每輸入一個單詞將其首和尾加入集合中,最后任取一個節點判斷其他所有節點和該節點是否有共同的祖先,若是,則是連通的,否則不連通;
         在連通性的前提下,若所有節點的入讀等于出度 或者 一個節點的入度比出度大1 一個節點的入度比出度小1,說明有歐拉路,否則沒有歐拉路;
    
因為手誤,貢獻一次WA;
        
            1
        
         #include<stdio.h>


        
            2
        
         #include<
        
          string
        
        .h>


        
            3
        
        
            4
        
        
          int
        
        
          set
        
        [
        
          30
        
        ],indegree[
        
          1010
        
        ],outdegree[
        
          1010
        
        ],vis[
        
          26
        
        
          ];


        
        
            5
        
        
          int
        
        
           count;


        
        
            6
        
        
            7
        
        
          void
        
        
           init()


        
        
            8
        
        
          {


        
        
            9
        
        
          for
        
        (
        
          int
        
         i = 
        
          0
        
        ; i < 
        
          26
        
        ; i++
        
          )


        
        
           10
        
        
          set
        
        [i] =
        
           i;


        
        
           11
        
        
          }


        
        
           12
        
        
           13
        
        
          int
        
         find(
        
          int
        
        
           x)


        
        
           14
        
        
          {


        
        
           15
        
        
          if
        
        (
        
          set
        
        [x] !=
        
           x)


        
        
           16
        
        
          set
        
        [x] = find(
        
          set
        
        
          [x]);


        
        
           17
        
        
          return
        
        
          set
        
        
          [x];


        
        
           18
        
        
          }


        
        
           19
        
        
           20
        
        
          int
        
        
           check()


        
        
           21
        
        
          {


        
        
           22
        
        
          int
        
        
           x,i;


        
        
           23
        
        
          int
        
         flag = 
        
          0
        
        
          ;


        
        
           24
        
        
          for
        
        (i = 
        
          0
        
        ; i < 
        
          26
        
        ; i++
        
          )


        
        
           25
        
        
              {


        
        
           26
        
        
          if
        
        
          (vis[i])


        
        
           27
        
        
                  {


        
        
           28
        
        
          if
        
        (flag == 
        
          0
        
        
          )


        
        
           29
        
        
                      {


        
        
           30
        
                         x =
        
           find(i);


        
        
           31
        
                         flag = 
        
          1
        
        
          ;


        
        
           32
        
        
                      }


        
        
           33
        
        
          else
        
        
           34
        
        
                      {


        
        
           35
        
        
          if
        
        (find(i) !=
        
           x)


        
        
           36
        
        
          break
        
        
          ;


        
        
           37
        
        
                      }


        
        
           38
        
        
                  }


        
        
           39
        
        
              }


        
        
           40
        
        
          if
        
        (i < 
        
          26
        
        
          )


        
        
           41
        
        
          return
        
        
          0
        
        ;
        
          //
        
        
          圖是不連通的,直接返回;
        
        
           42
        
        
           43
        
        
          int
        
         c1 = 
        
          0
        
        , c2 = 
        
          0
        
        , c3 = 
        
          0
        
        
          ;


        
        
           44
        
        
          for
        
        (
        
          int
        
         i = 
        
          0
        
        ; i < 
        
          26
        
        ; i++
        
          )


        
        
           45
        
        
              {


        
        
           46
        
        
          if
        
        
          (vis[i])


        
        
           47
        
        
                  {


        
        
           48
        
        
          if
        
        (indegree[i] ==
        
           outdegree[i])


        
        
           49
        
                         c1++
        
          ;


        
        
           50
        
        
          else
        
        
          if
        
        (indegree[i]-outdegree[i] == 
        
          1
        
        
          )


        
        
           51
        
                         c2++
        
          ;


        
        
           52
        
        
          else
        
        
          if
        
        (outdegree[i]-indegree[i] == 
        
          1
        
        
          )


        
        
           53
        
                         c3++
        
          ;


        
        
           54
        
        
                  }


        
        
           55
        
        
              }


        
        
           56
        
        
          if
        
        ((c2 == 
        
          1
        
         && c3 == 
        
          1
        
         && c1 == count-
        
          2
        
        ) ||(c1 ==
        
           count))


        
        
           57
        
        
          return
        
        
          1
        
        
          ;


        
        
           58
        
        
          else
        
        
          return
        
        
          0
        
        
          ;


        
        
           59
        
        
          }


        
        
           60
        
        
           61
        
        
          int
        
        
           main()


        
        
           62
        
        
          {


        
        
           63
        
        
          int
        
        
           test,n;


        
        
           64
        
        
          char
        
         s[
        
          1010
        
        
          ];


        
        
           65
        
             scanf(
        
          "
        
        
          %d
        
        
          "
        
        ,&
        
          test);


        
        
           66
        
        
          while
        
        (test--
        
          )


        
        
           67
        
        
              {


        
        
           68
        
                 memset(indegree,
        
          0
        
        ,
        
          sizeof
        
        
          (indegree));


        
        
           69
        
                 memset(outdegree,
        
          0
        
        ,
        
          sizeof
        
        
          (outdegree));


        
        
           70
        
                 memset(vis,
        
          0
        
        ,
        
          sizeof
        
        
          (vis));


        
        
           71
        
        
                  init();


        
        
           72
        
                 count = 
        
          0
        
        
          ;


        
        
           73
        
        
           74
        
                 scanf(
        
          "
        
        
          %d
        
        
          "
        
        ,&
        
          n);


        
        
           75
        
        
          for
        
        (
        
          int
        
         i = 
        
          1
        
        ; i <= n; i++
        
          )


        
        
           76
        
        
                  {


        
        
           77
        
                     scanf(
        
          "
        
        
          %s
        
        
          "
        
        
          ,s);


        
        
           78
        
        
          int
        
         len =
        
           strlen(s);


        
        
           79
        
        
          int
        
         u = s[
        
          0
        
        ]-
        
          '
        
        
          a
        
        
          '
        
        
          ;


        
        
           80
        
        
          if
        
        (!
        
          vis[u])


        
        
           81
        
        
                      {


        
        
           82
        
                         vis[u] = 
        
          1
        
        
          ;


        
        
           83
        
                         count++
        
          ;


        
        
           84
        
        
                      }


        
        
           85
        
        
          int
        
         v = s[len-
        
          1
        
        ]-
        
          '
        
        
          a
        
        
          '
        
        
          ;


        
        
           86
        
        
          if
        
        (!
        
          vis[v])


        
        
           87
        
        
                      {


        
        
           88
        
                         vis[v] = 
        
          1
        
        
          ;


        
        
           89
        
                         count++
        
          ;


        
        
           90
        
        
                      }


        
        
           91
        
        
           92
        
                     indegree[u]++
        
          ;


        
        
           93
        
                     outdegree[v]++
        
          ;


        
        
           94
        
        
          int
        
         tu =
        
           find(u);


        
        
           95
        
        
          int
        
         tv =
        
           find(v);


        
        
           96
        
        
          if
        
        (tu !=
        
           tv)


        
        
           97
        
        
          set
        
        [tu] =
        
           tv;


        
        
           98
        
        
                  }


        
        
           99
        
        
          100
        
        
          if
        
        
          (check())


        
        
          101
        
                     printf(
        
          "
        
        
          Ordering is possible.\n
        
        
          "
        
        
          );


        
        
          102
        
        
          else
        
         printf(
        
          "
        
        
          The door cannot be opened.\n
        
        
          "
        
        
          );


        
        
          103
        
        
              }


        
        
          104
        
        
          return
        
        
          0
        
        
          ;


        
        
          105
        
         }
      
View Code
  

歐拉路 圖G,若存在一條路,經過G中每條邊有且僅有一次,稱這條路為歐拉 路, 如果存在一條回路經過G每條邊有且僅有一次,

稱這條回路為歐拉回路。具有歐拉回路的圖成為歐拉圖。

?

判斷 歐拉路 是否存在的方法

有向圖 :圖連通,有一個頂點出度大入度1,有一個頂點入度大出度1,其余都是出度=入度。

無向圖 :圖連通,只有兩個頂點是奇數度,其余都是偶數度的。

?

判斷 歐拉回路 是否存在的方法

有向圖 :圖連通,所有的頂點出度=入度。

無向圖 :圖連通,所有頂點都是偶數度。

其中判斷圖的連通性用并查集。

Play on Words(有向圖歐拉路)


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