這種問(wèn)題一般是因?yàn)榭蛻舳瞬恢酪B那個(gè)instance或者不知道要使用哪個(gè)TNS Alias
可能的原因1.服務(wù)沒(méi)有起來(lái)
下邊是Tom的一個(gè)Test Case來(lái)說(shuō)明OracleServiceSID服務(wù)沒(méi)有起來(lái)的話，是會(huì)引起ORA-12560錯(cuò)誤的。
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:43:55 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
scott%ORA10GR1> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net stop oracleserviceora10gr1
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is stopping.........
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was stopped successfully.
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:44:35 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net start oracleserviceora10gr1
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is starting..........
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was started successfully.
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:45:12 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
scott%ORA10GR1>
修改方法：控制面板>管理工具>服務(wù)里邊把
OracleServiceSID起起來(lái)
可能的原因2.ORACLE_SID環(huán)境變量沒(méi)有指定（最常見(jiàn)引起ORA-12560問(wèn)題的原因）
檢查方法，命令行(cmd)下，
C:\Documents and Settings\ptian>set oracle_sid
ORACLE_SID=test
ORACLE_SID=test
ORACLE_SID是sqlplus默認(rèn)連接的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)instance,即sqlplus user/pwd連接的instance，如果不指定sqlplus里連接的時(shí)候就需要明確@你的instance,eg,sqlplus user/pwd@instance.
修改方法：在注冊(cè)表中，HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\KEY_OraDb10g_home1\ORACLE_SID 需指向你的Instance(eg.orcl)；或者在系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境變量里加ORACLE_SID項(xiàng)，值為Instance的SID。
可能的原因3.TNS_ADMIN環(huán)境變量沒(méi)有指定
檢查方法，命令行(cmd)下，
C:\Documents and Settings\ptian>set TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN=D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\Db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN=D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\Db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN應(yīng)該返回你的tnsnames.ora所在的目錄
修改方法：可以在注冊(cè)表HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOME0\TNS_ADMIN或者環(huán)境變量中指定。
可能的原因4.ORACLE_HOME環(huán)境變量沒(méi)有指定
和上邊的方法類似，檢查Oracle_Home環(huán)境變量
可能的原因5.tnsnames.ora文件內(nèi)容不對(duì)
A sample:
TEST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ptian-cn.cn.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = test)
)
)
Possible fixes for the TNS-12560 include：
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ptian-cn.cn.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = test)
)
)
Possible fixes for the TNS-12560 include：
轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處： http://blog.csdn.net/pan_tian/article/details/7699469
======EOF======
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error(TNS:協(xié)議適配器錯(cuò)誤)
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