安裝前準(zhǔn)備:筆者主機(jī)為Fedora 14,安裝所需的軟件:
??????????????? 《紅帽企業(yè)級LinuxAS版》RedhatEnterpriseLinuxASv5.4rhel-server-5.4-i386-dvd.iso
?????????? ? ?? ? linux_x86_11gR1_clusterware.zip
? ? ? ? ????????? oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
???? ? ? ? ?????? oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
?????? ? ? ? ???? oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm
???????? ? ? ? ?? linux_11gR1_database_1013
????????? ? ? ? ? 足夠的硬盤空間，虛擬機(jī) ? 硬盤選擇動態(tài)擴(kuò)展，大小為20G，主機(jī)預(yù)留30G的硬盤空間 ?
虛擬機(jī)的配置 ?
首先安裝虛擬機(jī)軟件VirtualBox，到
http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
下載適合自己的rpm包
筆者使用的是fedora系統(tǒng)，故使用如下命令安裝
rpm -Uvh VirtualBox-4.0-4.0.0_69151_fedora14-1.i686.rpm
創(chuàng)建虛擬機(jī)，這個地球人都會，注意以下四點(diǎn)：

1、內(nèi)存大于等于1200M否則裝rac的時候會報錯
2、創(chuàng)建新的硬盤作為虛擬機(jī)的硬盤，不要使用已有的硬盤作為虛擬機(jī)的硬盤
3、 單擊虛擬機(jī)的設(shè)置選項(xiàng)，點(diǎn)擊Storage，在存儲樹中使用“SATA控制器”作為存儲控制器，這一步一定要使用“SATA控制器”，默認(rèn)的IDE控制器 無法在一個控制器上添加多個硬盤。關(guān)于這一步，讀者可以先刪除現(xiàn)有的IDE控制器，然后添加SATA控制器，最后再把以創(chuàng)建好的虛擬機(jī)硬盤添加到控制器 中。
4、虛擬機(jī)硬盤選擇動態(tài)擴(kuò)展，大小為20G
4、單擊虛擬機(jī)的設(shè)置選項(xiàng)，點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)選項(xiàng)卡，啟用網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接1和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接2，并都使用橋接到本地的 ? 同一塊 ? 網(wǎng)卡中，筆者這里都橋接到主機(jī)的eth0網(wǎng)卡。

安裝配置第一臺RHEL5 ? －－rac1 ?
安裝RHEL5網(wǎng)上教程很多本文不再贅述。注意滿足下面三點(diǎn)：
安裝下列軟件包：

????????? GNOME Desktop Environment
????????? Editors
????????? Graphical Internet
????????? Text-based Internet
????????? Development Libraries
????????? Development Tools
????????? Server Configuration Tools
????????? Administration Tools
????????? Base
????????? System Tools
????????? X Window System

配置 ? IP地址如下

????????? hostname: rac1.localdomain

• IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.101 (public address)

• Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address)

• IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.101 (private address)

• Default Gateway eth1: none

禁用SELINUX和防火墻

安裝完成后，在虛擬機(jī)上執(zhí)行，SWAP分區(qū)大于等于2g

1、安裝所需軟件包

    
      關(guān)于在VirtualBox上掛載iso鏡像在4.0版本中似乎有bug，筆者經(jīng)常不能正常識別光盤鏡像中的文件，這里筆者采用先在主機(jī)配置共
享，將iso鏡像中拷貝到RHEL5中再進(jìn)行安裝的方式進(jìn)行。關(guān)于如何在fedora下設(shè)置共享，請讀者自行研究，不在本文討論范圍。
    
  

# mount -o loop 《紅帽企業(yè)級LinuxAS版》RedhatEnterpriseLinuxASv5.4rhel-server-5.4-i386-dvd.iso /mnt

掛載iso鏡像后,執(zhí)行

cd #/mnt/Server
rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*?
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*?
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-*?
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.*?
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.*?
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*?
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*?
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.*?
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.*?
rpm -Uvh ksh-2*?
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*?
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*?
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.*?
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.*?
rpm -Uvh make-3.*?
rpm -Uvh sysstat-7.*?
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.*

2、配置主機(jī)名和ip的映射關(guān)系

修改 /etc/hosts ?如下

    
      127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost
# Public
192.168.2.101   rac1.localdomain        rac1
192.168.2.102   rac2.localdomain        rac2
# Private
192.168.0.101   rac1-priv.localdomain   rac1-priv
192.168.0.102   rac2-priv.localdomain   rac2-priv
# Virtual
192.168.2.111   rac1-vip.localdomain    rac1-vip
192.168.2.112   rac2-vip.localdomain    rac2-vip
# SCAN
192.168.2.201   rac-scan.localdomain rac-scan
    
  

SCAN ?的 ip ?在本次 rac ?安裝中并不會用到，但是處于習(xí)慣筆者還是進(jìn)行了定義

3、配置內(nèi)核參數(shù)

修改 /etc/sysctl ?如下

    
      fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1054504960
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
    
  

執(zhí)行 ? [root@czmmiao ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

4、修改 shell ?限制

修改? etc/security/limits.conf

    
      oracle               soft    nproc   2047
oracle               hard    nproc   16384
oracle               soft    nofile  1024
oracle               hard    nofile  65536
    
  

5、修改登陸限制

/etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

6、關(guān)閉 selinux

修改 /etc/selinux/config ?

SELINUX=disabled

7、關(guān)閉時間同步服務(wù)

service ntpd stop?
# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig?
# rm /var/run/ntpd.pid

8、創(chuàng)建必要的組、用戶和目錄

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall?
groupadd -g 1200 dba useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba oracle?
passwd oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid?
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1?
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 775 /u01/

9、在/boot/grub/grub.conf增加"divider=10"以減少空閑CPU的加載（這步為可選，不做也可以）

    
      default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Enterprise Linux (2.6.18-194.el5)
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet divider=10
        initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img
    
  

10、修改oracle的用戶的環(huán)境變量

以 oracle ?用戶登錄

執(zhí)行 vim .bash_profile

    
      TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=RAC; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=RAC1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
  else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi
    
  

11、以root用戶安裝VirtualBox的增強(qiáng)功能

單擊Devices > Install Guest Additions菜單選項(xiàng)
執(zhí)行

    
      ＃cd /media/VBOXADDITIONS_4.0.0_69151/
    
    
      ＃cp -rfp * /
    
    
      ＃./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
    
    




執(zhí)行init 0關(guān)機(jī)


    
      12、為rac1增加硬盤
    
    




在主機(jī)上執(zhí)行,切忌要以之前創(chuàng)建rac1的用戶執(zhí)行，例如筆者之前創(chuàng)建rac1的用戶為czmmiao，現(xiàn)在也應(yīng)以czmmiao執(zhí)行下列命令。

    
      $ # Create the disks and associate them with VirtualBox as virtual media.
$ VBoxManage createhd --filename asm1.vdi --size 1024 --format VDI --variant Fixed
$ VBoxManage createhd --filename asm2.vdi --size 1024 --format VDI --variant Fixed
$ VBoxManage createhd --filename asm3.vdi --size 1024 --format VDI --variant Fixed
$
$ # Connect them to the VM.
$ VBoxManage storageattach rac1 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 1 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm1.vdi --mtype shareable
eable
$ VBoxManage storageattach rac1 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 2 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm2.vdi --mtype shareable
pe shareable
$ VBoxManage storageattach rac1 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 3 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm3.vdi --mtype shareable
pe shareable 
$
$ # Make shareable.
$ VBoxManage modifyhd asm1.vdi --type shareable
$ VBoxManage modifyhd asm2.vdi --type shareable
$ VBoxManage modifyhd asm3.vdi --type shareable
    
    




13、重新開啟rac1，對硬盤進(jìn)行分區(qū)

    
      # fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.


The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
#

      
        分區(qū)后的結(jié)果如下所示
      
      




[root@rac1 ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda   /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdc   /dev/sdd
/dev/sda1  /dev/sdb   /dev/sdb2  /dev/sdc1  /dev/sdd1
    
    





13、安裝配置ASM管理軟件和Cluster管理軟件

    
      [root@rac1 ~]# uname -r
2.6.18-164.el5
    
    




到Oracle官網(wǎng)上下載
oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm
linux_x86_11gR1_clusterware.zip


    
      ＃rpm -Uvh oracleasm*.rpm
    
    
      cd /your/path/to/grid/rpm
rpm -Uvh cvuqdisk*
    
    





配置ASM

    
      # oracleasm configure -i
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle
Default group to own the driver interface []: dba
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: 
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
#
    
    





裝載內(nèi)核

    
      # /usr/sbin/oracleasm init
Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
# 
    
    
      
         創(chuàng)建ASM文件系統(tǒng)
      
      




# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
    
    
      
        
          # /usr/sbin/oracleasm scandisks Reloading disk partitions: done Cleaning any stale ASM disks... Scanning system for ASM disks... 
        
      
    
    




14、創(chuàng)建裸設(shè)備

    
      #vim /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw1   /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw2   /dev/sdb2
#vim /etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev.rules
KERNEL=="raw[0-9]*",MODE="0660",GROUP="oinstall",OWNER="oracle",NAME="raw/%k"
    
    
      #shutdown -h now
    
    




至此第一臺虛擬機(jī)rac1配置完成，筆者以汗流浹背


    
      創(chuàng)建第二臺虛擬機(jī)--rac2
    
    




在主機(jī)上執(zhí)行

    
      $ VBoxManage clonehd rac1.vdi rac2.vdi
    
    




注意，這里的虛擬機(jī)硬盤選擇“以存在的虛擬機(jī)硬盤”選擇

    
      rac2.vdi

    
    
      
        
          $ VBoxManage storageattach rac2 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 1 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm1.vdi --mtype shareable eable $ VBoxManage storageattach rac2 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 2 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm2.vdi --mtype shareable pe shareable $ VBoxManage storageattach rac2 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 3 --device 0 --type hdd --medium asm3.vdi --mtype shareable pe shareable 
        
      
      
        
           hostname: rac2.localdomain 
        
      
    
    




配置rac2網(wǎng)絡(luò)如下


    
      IP?? Address eth0: 192.168.2.102 (public address) 
    
    
      
Default? Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address) 
    
    
      
IP?? Address eth1: 192.168.0.102 (private address) 
    
    
      
Default Gateway eth1:none 
    
  

?
更改oracle用戶環(huán)境變量
以oracle用戶登錄 ?
$vim .bash_profile
ORACLE_SID=RAC2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME ?

配置rac1和rac2的等價性 ?
以oracle用戶登錄rac1的Xwindows， ?
mkdir?? .ssh
chmod 700 .ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
cat *.pub > authorized_keys
scp? authorized_keys rac2:/home/oracle/.ssh/keys_dbs ?
在rac2上執(zhí)行 ?
mkdir?? .ssh
chmod 700 .ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
cat *.pub > authorized_keys
cat? keys_dbs >> authorized_keys
scp? authorized_keys rac1:/home/oracle/.ssh/ ?
在rac1和rac2分別執(zhí)行
ssh rac1 ssh rac1-priv ssh rac2 ssh rac2-priv

    
      安裝Clusterware群集管理軟件
    
    




安裝前測試

    
      /mountpoint/clusterware/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose
    
  

確保rac1和rac2處于開機(jī)狀態(tài)，以oracle用戶登錄rac1
su - root
/etc/init.d/rawdevices start
exit ?
./runInstall ?
進(jìn)行安裝，進(jìn)行到

?點(diǎn)擊“添加”

?繼續(xù)進(jìn)行至

?進(jìn)行至
Specify Oracle Cluster Register (OCR) Location ? 時，
選擇
External Redundancy ?
/dev/raw/raw1 ?
進(jìn)行至
Specify Voting Disk Location時 ?
選擇
External Redundancy
/dev/raw/raw2
點(diǎn)擊下一步、安裝之至：出現(xiàn)提示框
在兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)上分別執(zhí)行提示中的腳本，切忌，不能在兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)上同時執(zhí)行，完成后點(diǎn)擊OK，安裝成功。
安裝Oracle Database
注意一下兩點(diǎn)即可：
選擇企業(yè)版安裝
選擇之安裝
一路回車到最后遇到提示框時，在兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)上分別執(zhí)行提示中的腳本即可
至此，大公告成

Fedora主機(jī)下RHEL5+Oracle11g+VirtualBox=RAC