基于android的定位無非就兩種：network、gps。兩者各有優(yōu)劣。
Network:定位快，準(zhǔn)確度低，受環(huán)境影響小。
GPS：定位慢，準(zhǔn)確度高，受環(huán)境影響大。

本文要解決的問題：
1.????? locationManager.getLastKnownLocation方法返回null。
2.????? 如何實現(xiàn)快速而又精確的定位。

E文好的話，直接看官網(wǎng)就好了 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/location/strategies.html

在你的程序里如果有這樣的代碼你就要注意了(現(xiàn)在看來這些倒是多余了)

    
Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
        criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);//高精度
        criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);//無海拔要求
        criteria.setBearingRequired(false);//無方位要求
        criteria.setCostAllowed(true);//允許產(chǎn)生資費
        criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//低功耗
      
        // 獲取最佳服務(wù)對象
        String provider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria,true);
locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);

  

locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria,true);方法看起來很完美，但其實返回值就network、gps二選一。而且如果你要求高精度，它會優(yōu)先檢查GPS，如果手機開啟了GPS就返回GPS，否則返回network。如果都沒開啟則返回null。
結(jié)合Network、GPS兩種定位方式的優(yōu)劣不難看出為什么getLastKnownLocation方法會返回null（這只針對第一次定位）。

當(dāng)你開啟GPS，provider的值為GPS。這時的定位方式為GPS，由于GPS定位慢(我測試的時間大約為50秒)，所以它不可能立即返回你一個Location對象，所以就返回null了。還有人用下面的方法解決這個問題：

    
    while (location ==null) {
           location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
       }

  

這絕對是個愚蠢的做法！舉個例子：如果你在室內(nèi)，gps無法定位到，你的程序?qū)⑾萑胨姥h(huán)。當(dāng)然使用requestLocationUpdates可以做到定位且不讓程序陷入死循環(huán)，但是定位耗時長，甚至得不到定位。
如果使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位呢，不得說這也是一個不錯的選擇。locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
????????????? LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 0, 0,networkListener);
網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位耗時一般在2秒左右（網(wǎng)絡(luò)差，時間會更長），只要你接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，基本上都能獲得定位。唯一的缺點就是精度不高。

那能不能將兩者結(jié)合，這也是本文的重點。既然結(jié)合兩者，就要同時為兩者添加監(jiān)聽

    
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,1000 * 2,50,gpsListener);
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 0, 0,networkListener);

  

這樣，大概2秒我們就可以得到來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定位，一分鐘后得到來自GPS定位。這時用GPS定位替換網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位就好了。當(dāng)然這只是個理想的情況，現(xiàn)實要復(fù)雜的多。
比如：
你第一次定位成功返回location，由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題第二次返回null。這時會發(fā)現(xiàn)，更新的location沒有上次的精確，甚至是null，無法使用，這時我們要判斷當(dāng)前的location和新獲得的location那個更好。可能你獲得GPS定位后，由于天氣、進(jìn)入隧道等原因GPS服務(wù)器丟失，無法更新location（這時一個好的做法是切換到network定位）。還有可能用戶沒有開啟GPS和network，根本就談不上定位（其實每次定位成功都會有個定位緩存的，可以使用getLastKnownLocation獲得）。

終上所述，我們要做的就是：
1.? 嘗試通過getLastKnownLocation獲取上次定位信息
2.? 開啟network和gps監(jiān)聽
3.? 獲得network定位信息location
4.? 比較當(dāng)前l(fā)ocation和新獲取的location哪個更好（來自network）
5.? 獲得gps定位信息location
6.? 停掉network監(jiān)聽
7.? 比較當(dāng)前l(fā)ocation和新獲取的location哪個更好（來自gps）
8.? 如果gps服務(wù)器丟失，重新開啟network監(jiān)聽

以GPS監(jiān)聽為例

    
   // GPS監(jiān)聽的回調(diào)函數(shù)
    private class GPSLocationListener implements LocationListener {
 
       private boolean isRemove = false;//判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽是否移除
 
       @Override
       public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
           // TODO Auto-generatedmethod stub
           boolean flag =betterLocation.isBetterLocation(location,
                  currentBestLocation);
 
           if (flag) {
              currentBestLocation = location;
              updateLocation(currentBestLocation);
           }
           // 獲得GPS服務(wù)后，移除network監(jiān)聽
           if (location !=null && !isRemove) {
              locationManager.removeUpdates(networkListener);
              isRemove = true;
           }
       }
 
       @Override
       public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
           // TODO Auto-generatedmethod stub
       }
 
       @Override
       public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
           // TODO Auto-generatedmethod stub
       }
 
       @Override
       public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundleextras) {
           // TODO Auto-generatedmethod stub
           if (LocationProvider.OUT_OF_SERVICE == status) {
              Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"GPS服務(wù)丟失,切換至網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位",
                     Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
              locationManager
                     .requestLocationUpdates(
                            LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 0, 0,
                            networkListener);
           }
       }
    }

  

其中isBetterLocation是用來判斷哪個location更好的。這個方法來自android官網(wǎng)的，通過location獲取的時間，精度等信息進(jìn)行判斷。

    
private static final int TWO_MINUTES = 1000 * 60 * 2;
/** 
     * Determines whether one Location reading is better than the current 
     * Location fix 
     *  
     * @param location 
     *            The new Location that you want to evaluate 
     * @param currentBestLocation 
     *            The current Location fix, to which you want to compare the new 
     *            one 
     */  
    protected boolean isBetterLocation(Location location,  
            Location currentBestLocation) {  
        if (currentBestLocation == null) {  
            // A new location is always better than no location  
            return true;  
        }  
  
        // Check whether the new location fix is newer or older  
        long timeDelta = location.getTime() - currentBestLocation.getTime();  
        boolean isSignificantlyNewer = timeDelta > TWO_MINUTES;  
        boolean isSignificantlyOlder = timeDelta < -TWO_MINUTES;  
        boolean isNewer = timeDelta > 0;  
  
        // If it's been more than two minutes since the current location, use  
        // the new location  
        // because the user has likely moved  
        if (isSignificantlyNewer) {  
            return true;  
            // If the new location is more than two minutes older, it must be  
            // worse  
        } else if (isSignificantlyOlder) {  
            return false;  
        }  
  
        // Check whether the new location fix is more or less accurate  
        int accuracyDelta = (int) (location.getAccuracy() - currentBestLocation  
                .getAccuracy());  
        boolean isLessAccurate = accuracyDelta > 0;  
        boolean isMoreAccurate = accuracyDelta < 0;  
        boolean isSignificantlyLessAccurate = accuracyDelta > 200;  
  
        // Check if the old and new location are from the same provider  
        boolean isFromSameProvider = isSameProvider(location.getProvider(),  
                currentBestLocation.getProvider());  
  
        // Determine location quality using a combination of timeliness and  
        // accuracy  
        if (isMoreAccurate) {  
            return true;  
        } else if (isNewer && !isLessAccurate) {  
            return true;  
        } else if (isNewer && !isSignificantlyLessAccurate  
                && isFromSameProvider) {  
            return true;  
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
  
    /** Checks whether two providers are the same */  
    private boolean isSameProvider(String provider1, String provider2) {  
        if (provider1 == null) {  
            return provider2 == null;  
        }  
        return provider1.equals(provider2);  
    }  

  

因為之前上傳的demo，大家覺得意義不大，所以就不再提供了。
下圖的‘微秒’單位錯了，應(yīng)該是毫秒




andriod 自動切換網(wǎng)絡(luò)和gps定位
獲取到位置服務(wù)以后，同時請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)和gps定位更新，然后就會同時上報網(wǎng)絡(luò)和gps的Location 信息。在沒有g(shù)ps信號的時候，會自動獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位的位置信息，如果有g(shù)ps信號，則優(yōu)先獲取gps提供的位置信息.isBetterLocation 根據(jù) 時間、準(zhǔn)確性、定位方式等判斷是否更新當(dāng)前位置信息，該方法來源于開發(fā)指南的Obtaining User Location 下。

    
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.location.Address;
import android.location.Geocoder;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import cn.tangdada.tangbang.R;

public class SecondFragment extends BaseFragment
{

    private TextView tv;

    LocationManager lm = null;

    Location myLocation = null;

    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd  HH:mm:ss.SSSZ");

    public SecondFragment()
    {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_second, null);
        tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv);

        lm = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy()
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause()
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onPause();
        lm.removeUpdates(listener);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume()
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onResume();
        lm.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 0, 0, listener);
        lm.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, listener);
    }

    LocationListener listener = new LocationListener()
    {

        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(Location location)
        {
            // 實際上報時間
            // String time = sdf.format(new Date(location.getTime()));
            // timeText.setText("實際上報時間：" + time);

            if (isBetterLocation(location, myLocation))
            {
                // 獲取緯度
                double lat = location.getLatitude();
                // 獲取經(jīng)度
                double lon = location.getLongitude();
                // 位置提供者
                String provider = location.getProvider();
                // 位置的準(zhǔn)確性
                float accuracy = location.getAccuracy();
                // 高度信息
                double altitude = location.getAltitude();
                // 方向角
                float bearing = location.getBearing();
                // 速度 米/秒
                float speed = location.getSpeed();

                String locationTime = sdf.format(new Date(location.getTime()));
                String currentTime = null;

                if (myLocation != null)
                {
                    currentTime = sdf.format(new Date(myLocation.getTime()));
                    myLocation = location;

                }
                else
                {
                    myLocation = location;
                }

                // 獲取當(dāng)前詳細(xì)地址
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                if (myLocation != null)
                {
                    Geocoder gc = new Geocoder(context);
                    List<Address> addresses = null;
                    try
                    {
                        addresses = gc.getFromLocation(myLocation.getLatitude(), myLocation.getLongitude(), 1);
                    }
                    catch (IOException e)
                    {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                    if (addresses != null && addresses.size() > 0)
                    {
                        Address address = addresses.get(0);
                        sb.append(address.getCountryName() + address.getLocality());
                        sb.append(address.getSubThoroughfare());

                    }
                }

                tv.setText("經(jīng)度：" + lon + "\n緯度：" + lat + "\n服務(wù)商：" + provider + "\n準(zhǔn)確性：" + accuracy + "\n高度：" + altitude + "\n方向角：" + bearing
                        + "\n速度：" + speed + "\n上次上報時間：" + currentTime + "\n最新上報時間：" + locationTime + "\n您所在的城市：" + sb.toString());

            }

        }

        @Override
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras)
        {
            Log.i("tag", "onStatusChanged: " + provider);

        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider)
        {
            Log.i("tag", "onProviderEnabled: " + provider);
        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderDisabled(String provider)
        {
            Log.i("tag", "onProviderDisabled: " + provider);
        }

    };

    private static final int TWO_MINUTES = 1000 * 1 * 2;

    /**
     * Determines whether one Location reading is better than the current Location fix
     * 
     * @param location The new Location that you want to evaluate
     * @param currentBestLocation The current Location fix, to which you want to compare the new one
     */
    protected boolean isBetterLocation(Location location, Location currentBestLocation)
    {
        if (currentBestLocation == null)
        {
            // A new location is always better than no location
            return true;
        }

        // Check whether the new location fix is newer or older
        long timeDelta = location.getTime() - currentBestLocation.getTime();
        boolean isSignificantlyNewer = timeDelta > TWO_MINUTES;
        boolean isSignificantlyOlder = timeDelta < -TWO_MINUTES;
        boolean isNewer = timeDelta > 0;

        // If it's been more than two minutes since the current location, use
        // the new location
        // because the user has likely moved
        if (isSignificantlyNewer)
        {
            return true;
            // If the new location is more than two minutes older, it must be
            // worse
        }
        else if (isSignificantlyOlder)
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Check whether the new location fix is more or less accurate
        int accuracyDelta = (int) (location.getAccuracy() - currentBestLocation.getAccuracy());
        boolean isLessAccurate = accuracyDelta > 0;
        boolean isMoreAccurate = accuracyDelta < 0;
        boolean isSignificantlyLessAccurate = accuracyDelta > 200;

        // Check if the old and new location are from the same provider
        boolean isFromSameProvider = isSameProvider(location.getProvider(), currentBestLocation.getProvider());

        // Determine location quality using a combination of timeliness and
        // accuracy
        if (isMoreAccurate)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else if (isNewer && !isLessAccurate)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else if (isNewer && !isSignificantlyLessAccurate && isFromSameProvider)
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /** Checks whether two providers are the same */
    private boolean isSameProvider(String provider1, String provider2)
    {
        if (provider1 == null)
        {
            return provider2 == null;
        }
        return provider1.equals(provider2);
    }

}

  

android定位的實現(xiàn)